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Diabetes as a Non-Communicable Disease (NCD)
Diabetes is one of the most widespread and impactful non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting millions globally. Unlike infectious diseases, NCDs are not passed from person to person. Instead, they are chronic conditions that tend to develop slowly and require long-term care. Among them, diabetes stands out due to its growing prevalence and severe health complications when poorly managed.
Types of Diabetes
There are three main forms of diabetes:
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Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition usually diagnosed in children or young adults. The body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, requiring lifelong insulin therapy.
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Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type, typically occurring in adults due to insulin resistance. It is strongly linked to poor diet, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles.
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Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and can lead to complications for both mother and child. It often disappears after birth but increases future risk of Type 2 diabetes.
Why Diabetes Matters as an NCD
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 420 million people are living with diabetes globally, and the numbers are rising—especially in low- and middle-income countries. About 90% of all diabetes cases are Type 2, which is largely preventable through lifestyle changes.
Unchecked diabetes can lead to life-threatening complications, such as:
- Heart disease and stroke
- Kidney failure
- Vision loss
- Nerve damage and limb amputations
Risk Factors and Prevention
Unlike Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 and gestational diabetes can be prevented or delayed. Key risk factors include:
- Overweight or obesity
- Physical inactivity
- Unhealthy diet
- Family history of diabetes
- Tobacco and alcohol use
Preventive Measures:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes per week)
- Eat a high-fiber, low-sugar diet
- Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol
- Get routine blood sugar checks, especially if at risk
The Way Forward
Tackling diabetes requires action on multiple fronts:
- Individual Level: Healthy lifestyle choices and regular medical checkups.
- Community Level: Public education and health promotion.
- Government Level: Policies to improve food systems, encourage physical activity, and ensure access to affordable healthcare and medication.
Conclusion
Diabetes is more than a medical condition—it's a global health challenge. As an NCD, its impact is silent but far-reaching. However, with increased awareness, preventive action, and supportive healthcare systems, we can reduce the burden of diabetes and ensure better quality of life for millions.
Reference
World Health Organization. (2023). Diabetes. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
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